Of the many pieces of heavy machinery that work the world’s construction sites, Excavators are the most recognizable and iconic. With long, extensible arms and toothed buckets that allow them to scoop up piles of earth, these kinds of equipment are a crucial part of just about every construction project.
Excavators, for example, are the main way of digging foundations, a crucial first step in the construction of everything from office buildings to homes. The operator of one of these machines simply digs out a designated area, part by part, being careful not to cause cave-ins or other problems as they make progress.
Although they all have a similar look, machines of this sort vary greatly as to their capacity and power. The smallest of them are suitable for the kinds of projects that home-owners typically take on, lifting perhaps a hundred pounds of dirt in a single pull. The largest, on the other hand, can raise even large boulders with their strong, extensible arms, moving them out of the way so that work of other kinds can proceed.
Virtually all such machines make heavy use of hydraulic transmission systems. This method of transferring power from a motor to the ground to be worked on is especially well-suited to the task because it provides excellent reliability and efficiency. Typically powered by an internal combustion engine, a small impeller pushes incompressible fluid through a system of hoses and valves, causing the arm to extend and the machine’s bucket to do the desired work.
Most machines of this type are also equipped with caterpillar-style tracks. Like those of military tanks, these allow for great security of movement over the difficult, shifting surfaces that are typical of construction sites. Some machines can even be fitted with common inflatable tires, these making a better choice when a stable platform of asphalt or another material is available.
With their great versatility and usefulness, then, machines of this sort are among the most common pieces of heavy equipment of all. That is part of why they are so recognizable and interesting to so many people, and also why they are so important.
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